Process for producing a diffused flame with producer-gas.



,4 H. L. DOHERTY.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A DIFFUSED FLAME WITH PRODUCER 'GAS. APPLICATION FIKLED MAY 15, I911. aznswgo MAR. 11,1915.

1,206,821.. 1 Patented Dec. 5,1916.

I I .nveno-z user our HENRY ranonsrrrr, or-nnw roux, is. Y.

V TEOCESS FOR PRODUCING DIEFUSED FLAME WITH PRODUCER-GAS.

rsoesei.

Application flied May 15,

To allwhom it may concern Be it known that I, HENRY L. Doniiu'rx', a citizen of the United States, and a resident of New York city, in the county of New York and State of New .York, have inventedcertain new and useful Improve-P ments in Processes for Producing a Diffused Flamewith ProducenGzis, of which the following is a. specification.

This invention relates to a process for producing a difi'usedfl'ame with producer as. i a

The object of my invention, is to make possible the burning of producer gas in a Briefly stated,-rny invention consists in diluting producer gas with some inert'nondischarge from the oven. this is that I ant "every .one of the retorts in the-ovencha-mcombustible gas (preferably, combustion) to an extent which will insure the production "at a flame of the character desired. The effect of this is to greatly reduoe the velocity ofv reaction at the place of'mixture of the producer gas and air. The combustible constituents of the producer gas being diluted with a compare tivelylarge volume of diluent gases their combustion is retarded and the gas thus caused to burn with a prolonged flame which is made extra voluminous by the presence of the diluent gases. As a consequence of this, combustion of the gas takes place throughout a much larger region of the retort oven, or other furnace, case when the gas is burned Without dilm tion. In fact, the proportion of diluent gas may be so adjusted that combustion will not be completed until just before the gases The result of able to bathe each and ber with a flame of burning gas of just the right temperature to secure the best results in carbonization.- Instead of confining the heating by direct radiation to the inner sides of the retorts in immediate contact with the comparatively small region usually occu flied by the flame, I am able. by my invention to practically fill the retort oven with a slow burning heat-radiating flame.

I The result is that I am able to bathe each Specification of Letters Patent.

products of than is the effect is due to Patented Dec. uni ere. 1911, fierial No. 627,134; Renewed March 11, 1916. Serial Nc;f3,675.

and every one ofthe r orts in the oven chamber with a flame of burninggas of just the right temperature to secure the best results in carbonization. The heating of thecharges in the several retorts is thus made very uniform. Besides this advana tage, I secure another important resulti. e., increased life of the retorts and set-- ting due to the possibility of Working with a uniform and moderate temperature. Each retort is exposed to only the temperature that is required for perfect carbonizatio'n'.

- It is not necessary to overheat someret orts in order to properly heat the remainder] In the drawings I have shown an apparatus capable of carrying out my improved process.

' Figure 1 is alongitudinal section through the middle line of the furnace (A -B of Fig. 2.) Fig. 2 is a halffcross-section on the the apparatus.

. line C D of Fig. 1 and half elevationfof v The method. of: operating the apparatus is as follows: A comparatively deep bed of fuel is maintained in the gas producer 1, the

fuel bed being supported "by the grate 2. The combustion of the fhel is supported by air admitted through the damper 3. plates 4 are placed ,in the ducer, to which water i the pipe 5. The water most drip plate and tl h s I I from plate to plate, tie "(ill from the lower plate falling into the wute'r}pan 4J1 beneath the grate. The heat of the el bed evaporates the water in the pans ,the vapor produced passing into the el bed and cooling the'same. In the ash 201' e of the producerjust 'onto the upperabove the grate 2, the cooling efi'ect of the vapor is due chiefly to the absorption of" sensible heat by the vapor from theash. In the upper part of the fuel bed the cooling the heat taken up from the incandescent fuel and H O+C :H +CO." The oxygen of the air admitted also reacts withf the fuel to produce: carbon mondxi'd according to the well producer gas thus generated ascends from rendered latent through ,thef.reacti0n between the water,

Drip front of the pro up'plied through he excess passes,

vapor'and the incandescent carbon, V1z.-

known producer reaction, C+O:CO. The i the fuel bed and, in the usual method ofa operation, passes through the nostrils 6 into the oven chamber 7, where itis burned by the preheated air entering through the air nostrils 8. This air enters the recuperators Ill) - "19 to 1 to [according to the si'ze of the fur- I #9 .volu'mo admitted from I justmontcof; valve 20.- v

of; the gas-from the chamber-' 1 ust be ow the nostrils Band of. the combustion gases Sand 10 through the air passagesll and 12,

flues 13, in which are located the combustion gas flues 15. Passing in contact with the flues 15 the air is highly heated and discharges through the nostrils 8. The producer gas and air burn with a relatively short hot flame, the combustion usually being completed within the combustion chamber formed by the retorts and arch of the oven. There is thus a relatively high temperature developed along the inner walls of the retorts while the outer walls of the same are in contact with much cooler gases which have been cooled by contact with the walls of the retorts themselves. The products of the combustion of the gas pass through the ports 16 of the uppermost of the fines 15 in each re cuperator and thence through the ,flues 15 and flues 22' and 22" to the stack 22. Inpassing through fiues 15 the gases give up alarge part of their sensible heat to the air ascendi'n through the enveloping fiues 13. Accor ing to my invention, I modify the above-described method of operation by introducing into'rthe producer gas a portion' of the combustion "oveng I accompli ses discharged from'the 51 this by the injector 17 This is provided with anozzle 18 to which steam is" admitted from the pipe 19 by manipulating the valve 20. The steam jet discharging through the injector nozzle or front ends of the uppermost of the flues 15.'

passage 18 induces a'flow of combustion gases through passages 21 (o'ne oneach side, of the oven) which communicate with the By using the steam at a fairly high ressure, it is possible to introduce a relatively large volume of combustion gases with a com arativelv smallvolume of steam.

T e mixe combustion gases and steam pass into the space in the producer chamber I 1 above the fuel bed and-mix with the pro; ducer gas which is arising from the latter,

' greatly lengthened, and diluted. B

The inert combustion bustible'constituents o the producer gas so that the normal flame of undiluted gas is the proper roportion oflinert gas t e combustion of t e producer gas may be made so slow that complete combustion will not have taken place until the gaseous mixture has reached-the points of dischargefrom the oven}. The proportionjof combustion gases to producer gas may be .varied from 1 to ;I naoe,"-the character of the flame and the I. flame temperature desired by regulating the 1 pressureyof the steam and regulating the ipe 19 by the ad y taking sem les a'ses; dilute the comusing the valve 20 may be readily ascertained with suflicient accurac Usually, however, the adjustment of ya ve 20 may be regulated by ing'recourse to analysis of the gases. With a furnace of the kind shown, I usually prefer to use a volume of combustion gases equal to about one-half of the volume of the producer gas, measured at the same temperature and pressure. With this proportion of combustion or flue gases the combus tion of the producer gas is caused to take place at a slow and uniform rate so that the loss of heat from the gases to the retorts is being constantly corrected by .further combustlon ofproducer gas. Inthis way I am able to substantiallyfill theretort, chamber or oven with a flame of comparatively uniform and constant temperature, slow combustion taking place throughout the body of a fairly homogeneous gas mixture. The retorts are thus enveloped in an atmosphere of uniform temperature which insures a regular and even heating of the charge.

This, in turn, insures a uniform quality in the gas and coke produced as well as improves the average quality of both.

A further advantage of my invention is that the uniformity of the temperature carried throughout the bench eatly' adds to the life of the same by avoiding the unequal expansion of the interior .rstru'cture, due to marked inequalities of temperature, which result in the formation of cracks.

Having claim',is: 4 l 1. In the heating of furnace chambers, the rocess of regulating flame temperatures \vhichcomprises dilutmg'producer gas with a proportion ofj non-eombustible gas, introducing said mixture into a furnace chamber and burnin said mixture in'said cham ber b means oacurrent-of'air.

2; e method of re lating ture of combustion pi -producer as which comprises, diluting the said pr ucer gas with gases of substantially complete combustion, adding-air to-the resulting diluted gas, and burning the resulting mixture in such described my inventionp what I'- the tempera manner as to produces diffused combustion.

3. Themethod of securing a substantially uniform flame tem era'ture in a producer gas-fired-furnace w ich comprises diluting'.

the producer gas with non-combustible gases to give a gas of relativ'ely'low calorific value,

introducingthe resulting diluted gas into said furnace,1 and-introducin air into said 1 furnace, to bum' the-said di Mod the production of;

moderate temperature.

' with 4. The methodofsecuring a uniform heatwhich comprises, generating a producer gas,

slow-burning ame of ing effect in a'fiirnace chamber which is, -maintained at an "igniting temperature gas, mixing wlth said mixing non-combustible gases with the said producer gas, introducing the resulting mixture into the said furnace chamber, and in-- troducing air into the said chamber, whereby the said gas is caused to burn with a vein minous, siow-burning flame that substantially fills the said chamber.

5. The process of securing a uniform heating effect in a furnace chamber which com prises generating a producer gas, mixing with said gas a volume of combustion gases to the extent of between 5 to 100 per cent. of the volume of said gas, introducing the re sulting weak combustible gas into the said furnace chamber, preheating air, and introducing said preheated air into said furnace chamber, whereby the said weak gas is caused to burn with a slow-burning voluminous flame which substantially fills said chamber.

6. The process of heating a furnace chamber \VhlCllCOIIlPllSBS generating a producer gas a volume of combustion gases to the extent of between 5 to 100 per cent: of the volume of said introducing the resulting weak combustible gas into the said furnace chamber, preheating air by transferring thereto a portion of the heat of the combustion gases from said furnace chamber, and introducing said preheated air into said chamber, whereby the mixture of producer gas and combustion gases is burned with the production of a 'voluminous slow-burniugfiame whose length maybe regulated by varying the proportion of combustion gases in said. mixture within the limits given.

7. The method of regulating the tempera.- ture of combustion of combustible which day of May,

comprises, diluting the said. combustible gas with a mixture of gaseous products of combustion and steam to givea lean gas of relatively low calorific "alue, and burning the said lean gas in contact with heated refractory material-by heated air.

8. The process of'heating a furnace chamber which comprises, generating producer gas, diluting the said producergas by mixing therewith non-combustible combustionretarding gases in such volume that the combustion of said producer gas will be prolonged throughout said furnace chamber, adding to the diluted producer gas in said chamber a suflicient volume of air to effect complete combustion of the said diluted gas, igniting the resulting gaseous mixture and conducting the burning mixture through said furnace chamber.

9. The process of heating producer gas iii-ed gas benches having a con'ibustion chamber with retorts therein, which comprises regenerating producer gas by a suitable draft current passed through a mass of ignited fuel, mingiing with said gas beyond said mass hot returned products of combustion from the combustionchamber, passing the mixture into the-combustion chamber and there burnii'ig it with heated air around said retorts, a portion oi the hot products of combustion thereby produced being returned for admixture with mor producer Signed at New York city, in the county or New York and State of New York this 13th HENRY L. DOHER Y. i itnesscs FRANK L. Bnacneunw, S. B. SEVERSON. 

